The Northern Land

Ecology

• Fire,
• Northwoods Plant Communities

Geology

• Bones of the Earth
• Glaciation and the Last Ice Age

Limnology

• Northern Waters

Related Pages

• Flora
• Aquatic Plants, emergent, floating, and submerged
• Ferns and Fern Allies, the Ferns, Horsetails, and Clubmosses
• Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens,
• Terrestrial Herbs, the plants of the forest floor
• Shrubs, from tiny shrublet to small trees
• Trees, Aspen, Birch, and Cedar; Spruce, Pine, and Fir
• Fauna
• Birds, Woodpeckers, Owls, and Chickadees (and the other 7 year round residents)
• Mammals, Moose, Wolf, and Beaver country
• Reptiles & Amphibians, in a land of waters, it's mostly frogs
• Fish, Bass, Northern, Walleye, and Trout - and their finny foodchain
• Invertebrates, Ticks, Flys, Leaches, and Mosquitos - the welcoming land
• Sky
• The Night Sky
• Aurora Borealis
• Meteor Showers
• Weather & Climate

Natural History of the North Woods

• Boundary Waters Canoe Area Natural History, a summary

Northwoods Flora

• Boundary Waters Canoe Area Plants, a short listing of common trees and forbs

Northwoods Fauna

• Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wildlife, a general article
• Wildlife on the Gunflint Trail, numerous photos and links

Ecosystems

Last updated on 6 February 1999