Herbaceous Plants of the Northwoods

Herbaceous Plants of the Northwoods
Flora, fauna, earth, and sky... The natural history of the northwoods

Terrestrial Herbs

Achillea millefolium, Yarrow
Actaea spp, Baneberries

pachypoda, White Baneberry
rubra, Red Baneberry

Amerorchis rotundifolia, Round Leaf Orchis
Anaphalis margaritacea, Pearly Everlasting
Andropogon gerardii, Big Blue Stem
Anemone spp, Windflowers

canadensis, Canada Anemone
quinquefolia, Wood Anemone

Antennaria spp, Pussytoes

microphylla, Little Leaf Pussytoes
neglecta, Field Pussytoes
plantaginifolia, Plantain Leaf Pussytoes

Apocynum androsaemifolium, Common Dogbane
Aquilegia canadensis, Wild Columbine
Aralia spp, Sarsaparillas

hispida, Bristley Sarsaparilla
nudicaulis, Wild Sarsaparilla

Arenaria lateriflora, Sandwort
Arethusa bulbosa, Swamp Pink
Aster spp, Asters

ciliolatus, Fringed Blue Aster
macrophyllus, Large Leaf Aster
ptarmicoides, Upland White Aster
puniceus, Swamp Blue Aster
umbellatus, Flattop White Aster

Astragalus canadensis, Milk Vetch
Calamagrostis spp, Reed Grasses
Calopogon puchellus, Grass Pink Orchid
Calypso bulbosa, Fairy Slipper Orchid
Campanula spp, Bell Flowers

aparinoides, White Bell Flower
rotundifolia, Harebell
uliginosa, Swamp Bell Flower

Carex spp, Sedges

pensylvanica, Yellow Sedge

Chelone glabra, Turtlehead
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Ox Eye Daisy
Cirsium muticum, Swamp Thistle
Clintonia borealis, Blue Bead Lily
Coeloglossum viride, Long Bracted Orchid
Comandra spp, Bastard Toadflaxes

livida, Northern Bastard Toadflax
richardsiana, Bastard Toadflax

Convolvulvus spithameus,Upright Bindweed
Coptis trifolia, Goldthread
Corallorrhiza, Coralroot Orchids

maculata, Spotted Coralroot
striata, Striped Coralroot
trifida, Early Coralroot

Corydalis sempervirens, Pale Corydalis
Cuscuta gronovii, Dodder
Cypripedium spp, Ladyslipper Orchids

acaule, Moccasin Flower
arietinum, Ram's Head Ladyslipper (TH-MN)
calceolus, Yellow Ladyslipper
reginae, Showy Ladyslipper

Epilobium spp, Willowherbs

angustifolium, Fireweed
coloratum, Purple Leaf Willowherb
glandulosum, Northern Willowherb
strictum, Downy Willowherb

Erigeron strigosus, Common Fleabane
Eupatorium spp,

maculatum, Joe Pye Weed
perfoliatum, Boneset
purpureum, Sweet Joe Pye Weed

Fragaria spp, Strawberries

vesca, Woodland Strawberry
virginiana, Wild Strawberry

Galium spp., Bedstraws

asparine, Cleavers
asprellum, Rough Bedstraw
boreale, Northern Bedstraw
lanceolatum, Yellow Wild Licorice
triflorum, Fragrant Bedstraw

Gentiana spp, Gentians

andrewsii, Closed Gentian
crinita, Fringed Gentian

Geranium bicknelli, Wild Geranium
Gnaphalium obtusifolium, Sweet Everlasting
Goodyera spp, Rattlesnake Plantain Orchids

repens, Dwarf Rattlesnake Plantain
tesselata, Greater Rattlesnake Plantain

Hepatica americana, Round Lobed Hepatica
Heracleum lantana, Cow Parsnip
Heuchera richardsonii, Alumroot
Hieracium spp, Hawkweeds

aurantiacum, Orange Hawkweed
canadense, Common Hawkweed
scabrum, Rough Hawkweed

Hierochloe odorata, Sweet Grass
Houstonia longifolia, Common Houstonia
Hypericum spp, St. Johnsworts

majus, Common St. Johnswort
virginicum, Marsh St. Johnswort

Impatiens spp, Jewelweeds

capensis, Spotted Jewelweed
pallida, Pale Jewelweed

Lathyrus spp, Sweet Peas

japonicus, Beach Pea
ochroleucus, Pale Pea
venosus, Purple Pea

Lilium philadelphicum, Wood Lily
Liparis loeselii, Loesel's Twayblade Orchid
Listera spp, Twayblade Orchids

auriculata, Auricled Twayblade (EN-MN)
convallarioides, Broad Leaf Twayblade (SSC)
cordata, Heart Leaf Twayblade

Lotus corniculatus, Bird's Foot Trefoil

Maianthemum canadense, Canada Mayflower
Malaxis spp, Adder's Mouth Orchids

monophyllos, White Adder's Mouth (SSC)
paludosa, Bog Adder's Mouth (EN-MN)
unifolia, Green Adder's Mouth

Matricaria maritima, Scentless Chamomile
Melampyrum lineare, Cow Wheat
Meliolotus spp, Sweet Clovers
Mentha arvensis, Field Mint
Mertensia paniculata, Tall Lungwort
Mitella nuda, Naked Mitrewort
Moneses uniflora, One Flowered Pyrola
Monotropa uniflora, Indian Pipe
Oenothera spp, Evening Primroses

biennis, Common Evening Primrose
parviflora, Small Flowered
perennis, Sundrops

Oxalis montana, Woodsorrel
Petasites spp, Coltsfoot

frigidus, Early Sweet Coltsfoot
sagittatus, Sweet Coltsfoot

Platanthera spp, Rein Orchids

clavellata, Small Green Wood Orchid (SSC)
dilatata, Tall White Bog Orchid
hookeri, Hooker's Rein Orchid
hyperborea, Tall Northern Bog Orchid
lacera, Ragged Fringed Orchid
obtusata, Blunt Leaf Orchid
orbiculata, Large Round Leaf Orchid
psycodes, Purple Fringed Orchid

Pogonia ophioglossoides, Rose Pogonia
Polygala paucifolia, Fringed Polygala
Polygonatum spp, Solomon's Seals

biflorum, Smooth Solomon's Seal
pubescens, Hairy Solomon's Seal

Polygonum cilinode, Fringed Bindweed
Potentilla spp., Cinquefoils

arguta, Tall Cinquefoil
norvejica, Rough Cinquefoil
tridentata, Wine Leaf Cinquefoil

Prenanthes alba, Rattlesnake Root
Prunella vulgaris, Self Heal
Pyrola spp, Shinleafs

asarifolia, Pink Shinleaf
elliptica, White Flowered Pyrola
minor, Lesser Pyrola (SSC)
rotundifolia, Round Leaf Pyrola
secunda, One Sided Shinleaf
virens, Nodding Pyrola

Ranunculus spp, Buttercups

acris, Meadow Buttercup
flammula, Spearwort

Scutellaria spp, Skullcaps

epilobiifolia, Common Skullcap
lateriflora, Mad Dog Skullcap

Senecio pauperculus, Northern Ragwort
Smilacina spp, False Solomon's Seals

racemosa, False Solomon's Seal
stellata, Starry False Solomon's Seal
trifolia, Bog False Solomon's Seal

Solidago spp, Goldenrods

canadensis, Canada Goldenrod
graminifolia, Grass Leaf Goldenrod
hispida, Upland Goldenrod
juncea, Early Goldenrod
missouriensis, Prairie Goldenrod
rigida, Stiff Goldenrod
uliginosa, Bog Goldenrod

Spiranthes ssp, Ladies' Tresses Orchids

lacera, Northern Slender Ladies' Tresses
romanzoffiana, Hooded Ladies' Tresses

Stachys palustris, Common Woundwort
Streptopus roseus, Rose Twisted Stalk
Taraxacum officinale, Common Dandelion
Thalictrum spp, Meadowrues

dasycarpum, Tall Meadowrue
dioicum, Early Meadowrue

Trientalis borealis, Starflower
Trifolium spp., Clovers
Trillium spp, Trilliums

cernuum, Nodding Trillium
grandiflorum, Large Flower Trillium

Uvularia spp, Bellworts

grandiflora, Large Flower Bellwort
sessilifolia, Sessile Leaf Bellwort

Vicia spp, Vetches

americana, American Vetch
caracca, Tufted Vetch

Viola spp, Violets

adunca, Hooked Spur Violet
blanda, Sweet White Violet
canadensis, Canada Violet
cucullata, Marsh Blue Violet
incognita, White Swamp Violet
nephrophylla, Northern Bog Violet
novae-angliae, New England Violet
pallens, Northern White Violet
pensylvanica, Smooth Yellow Violet
pubescens, Downy Yellow Violet
renifolia, Kidney Leaf Violet
rostrata, Long Spurred Violet
septentrionalis, Northern Blue Violet

Walsteinia fragarioides, Barren Strawberry (SSC)

Aquatic Herbs

Acorus calmus, Sweet Flag
Alisma spp, Water Plantain
- plantago-aquatica, Water Plantain
- subcordatum, Southern Water Plantain
- trivale, Northern Water Plantain
Asclepias incarnata, Swamp Milkweed
Bidens cernua, Nodding Bur Marigold
Brasenia schreberi, Water Shield
Calla palustris, Wild Calla Lily
Caltha, Marsh Marigolds
- natans, Floating Marsh Marigold
- palustris, Common Marsh Marigold
Carex spp, Sedges

rostrata, Beaked Sedge

Ceratophyllum demersum, Common Hornwort
Cicuta spp, Water Hemlocks

bulbifera, Bulb Bearing Water Hemlock
maculata, Spotted Water Hemlock

Crassula aquatica, Water Pygmyweed
Drosera spp, Sundews

intermedia, Spatula Leaf Sundew
rotundifolia, Round Leaf Sundew

Dulichium arundinaceum, Three Way Sedge
Elatine spp, Waterworts
- minima, Small Waterwort
- triandra, Long Stem Waterwort
Eleocharis spp, Spike Rushes
- acicularis, Needle Spike Rush
- ovata, Ovate Spike Rush
- palustris, Common Spike Rush
- tenuis, Slender Spike Rush
Elodea spp, Waterweeds
- canadensis, Canadian Waterweed
- nuttallii, Western Waterweed
Eriocaulon aquaticum, Pipewort
Eriophorum spp, Cotton Grasses

angustifolium,
spissum,
vaginatum,
virginicum,

Hippuris vulgaris, Mare's Tail
Iris versicolor, Blue Flag
Juncus effusus, Common Rush
Lemna, Duckweeds
- minor, Lesser Duckweed
- trisulca, Ivy Leaf Duckweed
Lobelia dortmanna, Water Lobelia
Lycopus uniflorus, Common Water Horehound
Lysimachia spp, Loosestrife

ciliata, Fringed Loosestrife
terrestris, Swamp Loosestrife
thyrsiflora, Tufted Loosestrife

Menyanthes trifoliata, Bogbean
Myriophyllum spp, Water Milfoils
- alterniflorum, Alternate Flowered Millfoil
- farwellii, Farwell's Millfoil
- heterophyllum, Two Leaf Millfoil
- sibiricum, Common Millfoil
- tenellum, Slender Millfoil
- verticillatum, Whorled Leaf Millfoil
Najas flexilis, Slender Naiad
Nuphar spp, Yellow Water Lillies
- advena, Yellow Water Lily
- microphyllum, Least Yellow Water Lily
- rubrodiscum, Lesser Yellow Water Lily
- varigatum, Greater Yellow Water Lily
Nymphaea spp, White Water Lillies
- leibergii, Leiberg's Water Lily
- odorata, Fragrant White Water Lily
- tetragona, Least White Water Lily
- tuberosa, Tuberous White Water Lily
Parnassia palustris, Northern Grass of Parnassus
Phragmites communis, Reed Grass
Polygonum spp, Smartweeds

amphibium, Showy Smartweed
coccineum, Scarlet Smartweed
natans, Water Smartweed
sagittatum, Tearthumb

Pontedaria cordata, Pickerel Weed
Ranunculus pensylvanicus, Bristly Crowfoot
Sagittaria spp, Arrowheads

graminea, Grass Leaf Arrowhead
latifolia, Broad Leaf Arrowhead
rigida, Sessile Fruited Arrowhead

Sarracenia purpurea, Pitcher Plant
Scirpus spp, Bulrushes

acuta, Great Bulrush
atrovirens, Green Bulrush

Sium suave, Water Parsnip
Sparganium spp, Bur Reeds
Spirodela polyrhiza, Greater Duckweed
Subularia aquatica, Water Awlwort
Typha spp, Cattails

angustifolia, Narrow Leaf Cattail
latifolia, Common Cattail

Utricularia spp, Bladderworts
- cornuta, Horned Bladderwort
- gibba, Humped Bladderwort
- intermedia, Flat Leaf Bladderwort
- macrorhiza, Common Bladderwort
- minor, Lesser Bladderwort
- resupinata, Lavender Bladderwort
Valisneria americana, Tape Grass