Classification

• Province: Laurentian Mixed Forest
  • Section: Northern Superior Uplands
    • Subsection: Border Lakes
• System: Fire Dependent Woodland

Description:

• The Alder/Willow Wetland, about 2.5% of the BWCAW by surface area
• Slow moving subsurface water with dense, nearly impenetrable cover of tall shrubs
• Signature Species
• Speckled Alder, Alnus incana
• Willows, Salix spp.

Indicator
Species:

Plants of the Jack Pine/Black Spruce Community

Trees

• Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana
• Black Spruce, Picea mariana
• Quaking Aspen, Populus tremuloides
• Large Leaf Aspen, Populus grandidentata
• Paper Birch, Betula papyrifera
• White Pine, Pinus strobus
• Red Pine, Pinus resinosa
• Balsam Fir, Abies balsamea
• White Spruce, Picea glauca
• Red Maple, Acer rubrum

Shrubs

• Juneberries, Amelanchier spp.
• Pipsissewa, Chimaphila umbellata
• Bunchberry, Cornus canadensis
• Beaked Hazel, Corylus cornuta
• Low Bush Honeysuckle, Diervilla lonicera
• Trailing Arbutus, Epigea repens
• Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens
• Twinflower, Linnaea borealis
• Late Low Blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium

Herbs

• Wild Sarsaparilla, Aralia nudicaulis
• Large Leaf Aster, Aster macrophyllus
• Mocasin Flower, Cypripedium acaule
• Dwarf Rattlesnake Orchid, Goodyera repens
• Canada Mayflower, Maianthemum canadense
• Grasses and Sedges

Ground Cover

• Reindeer Mosses, Cladonia spp.
• Dicranum Mosses, Dicranum spp.
• Clubmosses, Lycopodium spp.
• Schreber's Feathermoss, Pleurozium schreberi
• Hair Cap Moss, Polystrichum commune
• Other Lichens and Mosses

Plants of the Jack Pine/Fir Community

Trees

• Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana
• Quaking Aspen, Populus tremuloides
• Balsam Fir, Abies balsamea
• Black Spruce, Picea mariana
• White Spruce, Picea glauca
• Paper Birch, Betula papyrifera

Shrubs

• Moose Maple, Acer spicatum
• Juneberries, Amelanchier spp.
• Round Leaf Dogwood, Cornus rugosa
• Beaked Hazel, Corylus cornuta
• Fly Honeysuckle, Lonicera canadensis
• Bunchberry, Cornus canadensis
• Low Bush Honeysuckle, Diervilla lonicera
• Trailing Arbutus, Epigea repens
• Creeping Snowberry, Gaultheria hispidula
• Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens
• Twinflower, Linnaea borealis
• Wild Rose, Rosa spp.
• Late Low Blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium
• Velvet Leaf Blueberry, Vaccinium myrtilloides

Herbs

• Wild Sarsaparilla, Aralia nudicaulis
• Large Leaf Aster, Aster macrophyllus
• Blue Bead Lily, Clintonia borealis
• Gold Thread, Coptis trifolia
• Mocasin Flower, Cypripedium acaule
• Dwarf Rattlesnake Orchid, Goodyera repens
• Canada Mayflower, Maianthemum canadense
• Bracken Fern, Pteridium aquilinum
• Shinleaf, Pyrola spp.
• Pale Pea, Lathyrus ochroleucus
• Three Part Bedstraw, Galium spp.
• Starflower, Trientalis borealis
• Violets, Viola spp
• Grasses and Sedges

Ground Cover

• Clubmosses, Lycopodium spp
• Ground Pine Clubmoss, Lycopodiumobscurum
• Running Club Moss, Lycopodium clavatum
• Schreber's Feathermoss, Pleurozium schreberi

Plants of the Jack Pine/Oak Community

Trees

• Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana
• Red Oak, Quercus borealis
• Northern Pin Oak, Quercus ellipsoidalis
• Red Maple, Acer rubrum
• Bur Oak, Quercus macrocarpa
• Pin Cherry, Prunus pensylvanica

Shrubs

• Green Alder, Alnus crispa
• Juneberries, Amelanchier spp.
• Sweet Fern, Comptonia peregrina
• Bunchberry, Cornus canadensis
• Beaked Hazel, Corylus cornuta
• Low Bush Honeysuckle, Diervilla lonicera
• Trailing Arbutus, Epigea repens
• Creeping Snowberry, Gaultheria hispidula
• Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens
• Common Juniper, Juniperus communis
• Twinflower, Linnaea borealis
• Fly Honeysuckle, Lonicera canadensis
• Willows, Salix spp.
• Late Low Blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium

Herbs

• Wild Sarsaparilla, Aralia nudicaulis
• Large Leaf Aster, Aster macrophyllus
• Mocasin Flower, Cypripedium acaule
• Dwarf Rattlesnake Orchid, Goodyera repens
• Canada Mayflower, Maianthemum canadense
• Cow Wheat, Melampyrum linare
• Bracken Fern, Pteridium aquilinum
• Starflower, Trientalis borealis
• Grasses and Sedges

Ground Cover

• Reindeer Mosses, Cladonia spp.
• Dicranum Mosses, Dicranum spp.
• Clubmosses, Lycopodium spp.
• Schreber's Feathermoss, Pleurozium schreberi
• Hair Cap Moss, Polystrichum commune
• Other Lichens and Mosses

Landform & Topography:

Soils & Hydrology:

Identification:

Sub-types

• Jack Pine/Black Spruce
• Jack Pine/Fir
• Jack Pine/Oak

• Hermit Thrush, Catharus guttatus
• Yellow Rumped Warbler, Dendroica coronata
• Black Throated Green Warbler, Dendroica virens
• Blackburnian Warbler, Dendroica fusca
• Pine Warbler, Dendroica pinus
• Black and White Warbler, Mniotilta varia
• Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus
• Connecticut Warbler, Oporornis agilis
• White Throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis
• Dark Eyed Junco, Junco hyemalis
• Red Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
• White Winged Crossbill, Loxia leucoptera
• Evening Grosbeak, Hesperiphona vespertina
• Pine Siskin, Carduelis pinus
• Pine Grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator

• Moose, Alces alces
• Snowshoe Hare, Lepus americanus
• White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus
• Red Squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
• Chipmunk,
• Red Backed Vole,
• White Footed Mouse,

Natural
History

• History

Other
Communities:

Last updated on 30 June, 2004