Mixed Hardwood
Forest
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Flora, fauna, earth, and sky...
The natural history of the northwoods |
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Classification |
- Province: Laurentian Mixed Forest
- Section: Northern Superior Uplands
- System: Fire Dependent Woodland
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Description: |
- The Alder/Willow Wetland, about 2.5% of the BWCAW by surface area
- Slow moving subsurface water with dense, nearly impenetrable cover
of tall shrubs
- Signature Species
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Indicator
Species: |
Plants of the Maple/Oak Community
Trees
Shrubs
Herbs
Ground Cover
- Reindeer Mosses, Cladonia
spp.
- Dicranum Mosses, Dicranum spp.
- Hair Cap Moss, Polystrichum commune
Plants of the Maple/Aspen/Birch Community
Trees
Shrubs
- Moose Maple, Acer
spicatum
- Green Alder, Alnus
crispa
- Juneberries, Amelanchier
spp.
- Bunchberry, Cornus
canadensis
- Round Leaf Dogwood, Cornus rugosa
- Beaked Hazel, Corylus
cornuta
- Low Bush Honeysuckle, Diervilla
lonicera
- Fly Honeysuckle, Lonicera canadensis
- Dewberry, Rubus flagellaris
- Late Low Blueberry, Vaccinium
angustifolium
Herbs
- Wild Sarsaparilla, Aralia
nudicaulis
- Large Leaf Aster, Aster
macrophyllus
- Blue Bead Lily, Clintonia
borealis
- Jewelweed, Impatiens biflora
- Horsetails, Equisetum spp.
- Canada Mayflower, Maianthemum
canadense
- Interrupted Fern, Osmunda
claytonia
- Bracken Fern, Pteridium
aquilinum
- Shinleaf, Pyrola spp.
- Rose Twisted Stalk, Streptopus
rosea
- Starflower, Trientalis
borealis
- Violets, Viola spp.
- Grasses and Sedges
Ground Cover
Plants of the Maple/Aspen/Birch/Fir
Community
Trees
Shrubs
Herbs
- Wild Sarsaparilla, Aralia
nudicaulis
- Large Leaf Aster, Aster
macrophyllus
- Blue Bead Lily, Clintonia
borealis
- Gold Thread, Coptis
trifolia
- Mocasin Flower, Cypripedium acaule
- Sweet Bedstraw, Galium
- Canada Mayflower, Maianthemum
canadense
- Cow Wheat, Melampyrum linare
- Bracken Fern, Pteridium
aquilinum
- Rose Twisted Stalk, Streptopus
rosea
- Starflower, Trientalis
borealis
- Violets, Viola spp.
- Grasses and Sedges
Ground Cover
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Landform & Topography: |
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Soils & Hydrology: |
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Identification: |
- About 14.5% of the BWCAW by surface area
- The northern edge of the climax deciduous forest of eastern North
America
- Signature Species
- Basswood, Tilia americana
- Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (absent from BWCA)
- Sugar Maple, Acer saccharum
- Yellow Birch, Betula allegenensis (rare in BWCA)
- Sub-types
- Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura
- Broad Winged Hawk, Buteo platypterus
- Red Tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
- Woodcock, Scolopax minor
- Barred Owl, Strix varia
- Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbellus
- Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus
- Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens
- Yellow Bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
- Eastern Wood Pewee, Contopus virens
- Least Flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
- Veery, Catharus fuscescens
- American Robin, Turdus migratorius
- Bohemian Waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
- Cedar Waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum
- Black Cap Chickadee, Parus atricapillus
- Brown Creeper, Certhia familiaris
- White Breasted Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis
- Red Eyed Vireo, Vireo olivaceus
- Solitary Vireo, Vireo solitarius
- Golden Winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera
- Black Throated Blue Warbler, Dendroica caerulescens
- Black Throated Green Warbler, Dendroica virens
- Pine Warbler, Dendroica pinus
- Canada Warbler, Wilsonia canadensis
- Black and White Warbler, Mniotilta varia
- American Redstart, Setophagia ruticilla
- Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus
- Scarlet Tanager, Piranga olivacea
- Rose Breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
- Chipping Sparrow, Spizella passerina
- Clay Colored Sparrow, Spizella pallida
- Dark Eyed Junco, Junco hyemalis
- Common Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula
- Purple Finch, Carpodacus purpureus
- White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus
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Natural
History
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Other
Communities: |
| Lowland Plant Communities |
Upland Plant Communities |
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Last updated on
30 June, 2004
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